The short ruler on cones

Abstract

On complete Riemannian manifolds, a geodesic linking two different points could be approximated by applying short ruler methods to shorten a given path iteratively. In this paper we take a closer look at a short ruler method on a cone. To handle the problems caused by the fact that the cone is not smooth at its apex, we unwind the cone isometrically into the plane, and show that the sequence of shortened curves converges to a geodesic.     

Fock空间上的对偶Toeplitz代数

通过符号映射研究Fock空间之正交补空间上对偶Toeplitz代数的结构,得到了Fock空间上对偶Toeplitz代数的一个短正合序列.并研究了对偶Toeplitz算子谱的性质.     

非对称Halo异质栅应变Si SOI MOSFET的二维解析模型

为了进一步提高深亚微米SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) 的电流驱动能力, 抑制短沟道效应和漏致势垒降低效应, 提出了非对称Halo异质栅应变Si SOI MOSFET. 在沟道源端一侧引入高掺杂Halo结构, 栅极由不同功函数的两种材料组成. 考虑新器件结构特点和应变的影响, 修正了平带电压和内建电势. 为新结构器件建立了全耗尽条件下的表面势和阈值电压二维解析模型. 模型详细分析了应变对表面势、表面场强、阈值电压的影响, 考虑了金属栅长度及功函数差变化的影响. 研究结果表明,提出的新器件结构能进一步提高电流驱动能力, 抑制短沟道效应和抑制漏致势垒降低效应, 为新器件物理参数设计提供了重要参考. 关键词： 非对称Halo 异质栅 应变Si 短沟道效应     

Buying on margin,selling short in an agent-based market model

Credit trading, or leverage trading, which includes buying on margin and selling short, plays an important role in financial markets, where agents tend to increase their leverages for increased profits. This paper presents an agent-based asset market model to study the effect of the permissive leverage level on traders’ wealth and overall market indicators. In this model, heterogeneous agents can assume fundamental value-converging expectations or trend-persistence expectations, and their effective demands of assets depend both on demand willingness and wealth constraints, where leverage can relieve the wealth constraints to some extent. The asset market price is determined by a market maker, who watches the market excess demand, and is influenced by noise factors. By simulations, we examine market results for different leverage ratios. At the individual level, we focus on how the leverage ratio influences agents’ wealth accumulation. At the market level, we focus on how the leverage ratio influences changes in the asset price, volatility, and trading volume. Qualitatively, our model provides some meaningful results supported by empirical facts. More importantly, we find a continuous phase transition as we increase the leverage threshold, which may provide a further prospective of credit trading.     

The travelling wave solutions for non-linear initial-value problems using the homotopy perturbation method

In this article, we have used the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to find the travelling wave solutions for some non-linear initial-value problems in the mathematical physics. These problems consist of the Burgers–Fisher equation, the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, the coupled Schordinger KdV equations and the long–short wave resonance equations together with initial conditions. The results of these problems reveal that the HPM is very powerful, effective, convenient and quite accurate to the systems of non-linear equations. It is predicted that this method can be found widely applicable in engineering and physics.     

Dynamics and nonlinearities of the BOLD response at very short stimulus durations

In designing a functional imaging experiment or analyzing data, it is typically assumed that task duration and hemodynamic response are linearly related to each other. However, numerous human and animal studies have previously reported a deviation from linearity for short stimulus durations (<4 s). Here, we investigated nonlinearities of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals following visual stimulation of 5 to 1000 ms duration at two different luminance levels in human subjects. It was found that (a) a BOLD response to stimulus durations as short as 5 ms can be reliably detected; this stimulus duration is shorter than employed in any previous study investigating BOLD signal time courses; (b) the responses are more nonlinear than in any other previous study: the BOLD response to 1000 ms stimulation is only twice as large as the BOLD response to 5 ms stimulation although 200 times more photons were projected onto the retina; (c) the degree of nonlinearity depends on stimulus intensity; that is, nonlinearities have to be characterized not only by stimulus duration but also by stimulus features like luminance. These findings are especially of most practical importance in rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experimental designs. In addition, an 'initial dip' response--thought to be generated by a rapid increase in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) relative to cerebral blood flow--was observed and shown to colocalize well with the positive BOLD response. Highly intense stimulation, better tolerated by human subjects for short stimulus durations, causes early CMRO2 increase, and thus, the experimental design utilized in this study is better for detecting the initial dip than standard fMRI designs. These results and those from other groups suggest that short stimulation combined with appropriate experimental designs allows neuronal events and interactions to be examined by BOLD signal analysis, despite its slow evolution.     

Stabilization of self‐assembled microdroplets using short chain alcohols

The condensation of water vapor on a volatile polymeric solution leads to a porous surface after evaporation of both solvent and water. However, the stabilization of the water microdroplet is of great importance, which can be achieved using specific polymer or adding a third substance to the polymer solution. Short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and n‐propanol) are utilized to fabricate a self‐assembled porous honeycomb film of linear, low molecular weight polystyrene using the breath figure technique. A combination of breath figure processing and the effect of alcohol on a water droplet can stabilize the pattern and make pores on the surface of the polymer film. The quality of the porous honeycomb film is strongly dependent on the type of alcohols and the concentration of polymer. In a specific range of polymer and alcohol concentration, pores cover all the surface of the polymer film. This method offers the possibility of producing a honeycomb structure with no trace of additive residual after the fabrication process and avoiding polymer modification. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 709–718     

新组合模型在光电功率预测中的应用

为提高光伏预测要求的精准性,文章提出一种新算法将神经网络和ARMA算法改进组合,构成NEW ARMA-BP模型算法.以某30兆瓦的光伏电站采集的输出功率为输入样本,基于ARMA和BP神经网络算法在Matlab环境下依次搭建了相应的预测模型,预估光伏短期输出量.采用"误差正态检验图"判断基于两种不同算法的误差水平,依据两种单模型预测误差,运用所提出的新方法计算权值并获得新的预测值.基于Matlab的仿真结论验证了组合预测在光伏输出预测领域的适用性.     

一种经验型疲劳小裂纹扩展模型

金属材料疲劳寿命由裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展寿命两部分组成，其中对于萌生寿命中的小裂纹分析是精确描述裂纹萌生寿命的关键．而小裂纹在扩展过程中由于尺寸相对较小，导致传统线弹性断裂力学预测方法失效，需要对其进行改进，考虑裂纹尖端塑性区引起的残余压应力对小裂纹扩展速度的影响．本文针对此问题进行了初步分析，通过对塑性区引起的残余应力的量化，结合小裂纹门槛值特性，提出了一种经验型修正的小裂纹扩展模型，用于定量预测裂纹的萌生寿命．使用铝合金6082-T6缺口试样进行了疲劳实验，并与理论结果进行了对比，验证了所提模型的有效性．     

基于DOAS的低浓度SO_2在线监测技术研究

传统的差分吸收光谱(DOAS)算法对于短光程、低浓度的气体测量存在较大的误差。为了提高测量精度,将基于差分吸收光谱技术的浓度反演算法应用于烟气SO_2的在线监测中。在DOAS算法的基础上,设计了基于最小二乘法的SO_2浓度计算方法,同时为了节约测量成本,使用短光程和低精度光谱仪进行测量,对低浓度SO_2气体进行了光谱测量和浓度反演实验。实验结果表明,在低浓度0~10-6的量程内,测量值的绝对误差在2/106左右,相对误差在5%以内,测量结果较稳定。该算法在短光程下对低浓度的SO_2气体具有较高的测量精度,可以准确、快速地实现SO_2气体的在线测量。